Carbon removal, also known as negative emissions, refers to technologies and methods that remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Carbon removal technologies are becoming increasingly important as it is unlikely that we can achieve the necessary levels of carbon reduction and offsetting alone to reach our climate targets.

Carbon offsetting refers to activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions in one place to compensate for emissions occurring elsewhere. Carbon offsets can be used to achieve carbon neutrality and achieve a net zero carbon footprint, as the emissions generated are offset by the emissions that have been reduced elsewhere.

Carbon reduction refers to reducing the amount of CO2 emissions generated by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels. This can be achieved through various means such as energy conservation, using cleaner energy sources like renewables, or implementing energy-efficient technologies.